Use enum __packed in favour of -fshort-enums

Some architectures like ARM encode the short enum option state in the
object file and the linker checks that this option is consistent for all
objects of an executable.  In case applications use -fno-short-enums,
then this leads to linker warnings.  Use the enum __packed attribute for
the relevent enums to avoid the -fshort-enums compiler option.  This
attribute is at least available on GCC, LLVM/clang and the Intel
compiler.

Signed-off-by: Sebastian Huber <sebastian.huber@embedded-brains.de>

6 files changed, 49 insertions, 48 deletions

diff --git a/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.am b/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.am
index ea23de6fa..943a0d583 100644
--- a/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.am
+++ b/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.am
@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ GENERAL_INT_FORMATTED_IO_SOURCES = \
 	siscanf.c			\
 	sniprintf.c			\
 	vdiprintf.c			\
+	vfprintf.c			\
+	vfwprintf.c			\
 	viprintf.c			\
 	viscanf.c			\
 	vsiprintf.c			\
@@ -205,7 +207,6 @@ LIBADD_OBJS = \
 	$(lpfx)svfiwprintf.$(oext)		\
 	$(lpfx)svfwprintf.$(oext)		\
 	$(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext)		\
-	$(lpfx)vfwprintf.$(oext)		\
 	$(lpfx)svfiwscanf.$(oext)		\
 	$(lpfx)svfwscanf.$(oext)		\
 	$(lpfx)vfiwscanf.$(oext)		\
@@ -214,10 +215,10 @@ else
 LIBADD_OBJS = \
 	$(lpfx)svfiprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfprintf.$(oext) \
 	$(lpfx)svfiscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfscanf.$(oext) \
-	$(lpfx)vfiprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfprintf.$(oext) \
+	$(lpfx)vfiprintf.$(oext) \
 	$(lpfx)vfscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfiscanf.$(oext) \
 	$(lpfx)svfiwprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfwprintf.$(oext) \
-	$(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfwprintf.$(oext) \
+	$(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext) \
 	$(lpfx)svfiwscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfwscanf.$(oext) \
 	$(lpfx)vfiwscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfwscanf.$(oext)
 endif
@@ -254,44 +255,38 @@ include $(srcdir)/../../Makefile.shared
 if NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO
 # Rules compiling small-footprint nano-formatted-io implementation.
 $(lpfx)nano-vfprintf.$(oext): nano-vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)nano-vfprintf_i.$(oext): nano-vfprintf_i.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_i.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_i.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)nano-vfprintf_float.$(oext): nano-vfprintf_float.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_float.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_float.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)nano-svfprintf.$(oext): nano-vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
 endif
 
 # This rule is needed so that libtool compiles vfiprintf before vfprintf.
 # Otherwise libtool moves vfprintf.o and subsequently can't find it.
 
-$(lpfx)vfprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
-
 $(lpfx)vfiprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfiprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
-
-$(lpfx)vfwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfiwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
 
 if NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO
 # Rules compiling small-footprint nano-formatted-io implementation.
diff --git a/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.in b/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.in
index 8ea5f0abb..15aad3406 100644
--- a/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.in
+++ b/newlib/libc/stdio/Makefile.in
@@ -80,6 +80,8 @@ lib_a_AR = $(AR) $(ARFLAGS)
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-siscanf.$(OBJEXT) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-sniprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-vdiprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-vfprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-vfwprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-viprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-viscanf.$(OBJEXT) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	lib_a-vsiprintf.$(OBJEXT) \
@@ -192,6 +194,7 @@ LTLIBRARIES = $(noinst_LTLIBRARIES)
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	iprintf.lo iscanf.lo \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	siprintf.lo siscanf.lo \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	sniprintf.lo vdiprintf.lo \
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	vfprintf.lo vfwprintf.lo \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	viprintf.lo viscanf.lo \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	vsiprintf.lo vsiscanf.lo \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	vsniprintf.lo
@@ -450,6 +453,8 @@ INCLUDES = $(NEWLIB_CFLAGS) $(CROSS_CFLAGS) $(TARGET_CFLAGS)
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	siscanf.c			\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	sniprintf.c			\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	vdiprintf.c			\
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	vfprintf.c			\
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	vfwprintf.c			\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	viprintf.c			\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	viscanf.c			\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	vsiprintf.c			\
@@ -608,10 +613,10 @@ GENERAL_SOURCES = \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@LIBADD_OBJS = \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)svfiprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfprintf.$(oext) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)svfiscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfscanf.$(oext) \
-@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)vfiprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfprintf.$(oext) \
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)vfiprintf.$(oext) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)vfscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfiscanf.$(oext) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)svfiwprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfwprintf.$(oext) \
-@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfwprintf.$(oext) \
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)svfiwscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)svfwscanf.$(oext) \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_FALSE@	$(lpfx)vfiwscanf.$(oext) $(lpfx)vfwscanf.$(oext)
 
@@ -627,7 +632,6 @@ GENERAL_SOURCES = \
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(lpfx)svfiwprintf.$(oext)		\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(lpfx)svfwprintf.$(oext)		\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext)		\
-@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(lpfx)vfwprintf.$(oext)		\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(lpfx)svfiwscanf.$(oext)		\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(lpfx)svfwscanf.$(oext)		\
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(lpfx)vfiwscanf.$(oext)		\
@@ -863,6 +867,18 @@ lib_a-vdiprintf.o: vdiprintf.c
 lib_a-vdiprintf.obj: vdiprintf.c
 	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(lib_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o lib_a-vdiprintf.obj `if test -f 'vdiprintf.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'vdiprintf.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/vdiprintf.c'; fi`
 
+lib_a-vfprintf.o: vfprintf.c
+	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(lib_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o lib_a-vfprintf.o `test -f 'vfprintf.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`vfprintf.c
+
+lib_a-vfprintf.obj: vfprintf.c
+	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(lib_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o lib_a-vfprintf.obj `if test -f 'vfprintf.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'vfprintf.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/vfprintf.c'; fi`
+
+lib_a-vfwprintf.o: vfwprintf.c
+	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(lib_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o lib_a-vfwprintf.o `test -f 'vfwprintf.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`vfwprintf.c
+
+lib_a-vfwprintf.obj: vfwprintf.c
+	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(lib_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o lib_a-vfwprintf.obj `if test -f 'vfwprintf.c'; then $(CYGPATH_W) 'vfwprintf.c'; else $(CYGPATH_W) '$(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c'; fi`
+
 lib_a-viprintf.o: viprintf.c
 	$(CC) $(DEFS) $(DEFAULT_INCLUDES) $(INCLUDES) $(AM_CPPFLAGS) $(CPPFLAGS) $(lib_a_CFLAGS) $(CFLAGS) -c -o lib_a-viprintf.o `test -f 'viprintf.c' || echo '$(srcdir)/'`viprintf.c
 
@@ -1882,43 +1898,37 @@ docbook: $(DOCBOOK_OUT_FILES)
 
 # Rules compiling small-footprint nano-formatted-io implementation.
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@$(lpfx)nano-vfprintf.$(oext): nano-vfprintf.c
-@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@$(lpfx)nano-vfprintf_i.$(oext): nano-vfprintf_i.c
-@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_i.c -o $@
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_i.c -o $@
 
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@$(lpfx)nano-vfprintf_float.$(oext): nano-vfprintf_float.c
-@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_float.c -o $@
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf_float.c -o $@
 
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@$(lpfx)nano-svfprintf.$(oext): nano-vfprintf.c
-@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
+@NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/nano-vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 # This rule is needed so that libtool compiles vfiprintf before vfprintf.
 # Otherwise libtool moves vfprintf.o and subsequently can't find it.
 
-$(lpfx)vfprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
-
 $(lpfx)vfiprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfiprintf.$(oext): vfprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
-
-$(lpfx)vfwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)vfiwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
 
 $(lpfx)svfiwprintf.$(oext): vfwprintf.c
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -fshort-enums -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
+	$(LIB_COMPILE) -DINTEGER_ONLY -DSTRING_ONLY -c $(srcdir)/vfwprintf.c -o $@
 
 # Rules compiling small-footprint nano-formatted-io implementation.
 @NEWLIB_NANO_FORMATTED_IO_TRUE@$(lpfx)nano-vfscanf.$(oext): nano-vfscanf.c
diff --git a/newlib/libc/stdio/local.h b/newlib/libc/stdio/local.h
index 471442e26..5f6995501 100644
--- a/newlib/libc/stdio/local.h
+++ b/newlib/libc/stdio/local.h
@@ -306,7 +306,7 @@ _VOID _EXFUN(__sinit_lock_release,(_VOID));
 /* Types used in positional argument support in vfprinf/vfwprintf.
    The implementation is char/wchar_t dependent but the class and state
    tables are only defined once in vfprintf.c. */
-typedef enum {
+typedef enum __packed {
   ZERO,   /* '0' */
   DIGIT,  /* '1-9' */
   DOLLAR, /* '$' */
@@ -319,7 +319,7 @@ typedef enum {
   MAX_CH_CLASS /* place-holder */
 } __CH_CLASS;
 
-typedef enum {
+typedef enum __packed {
   START,  /* start */
   SFLAG,  /* seen a flag */
   WDIG,   /* seen digits in width area */
@@ -335,7 +335,7 @@ typedef enum {
   MAX_STATE, /* place-holder */
 } __STATE;
 
-typedef enum {
+typedef enum __packed {
   NOOP,  /* do nothing */
   NUMBER, /* build a number from digits */
   SKIPNUM, /* skip over digits */
diff --git a/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.am b/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.am
index 2d45d1029..fb2e44e42 100644
--- a/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.am
+++ b/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.am
@@ -307,8 +307,6 @@ $(lpfx)dtoa.$(oext): dtoa.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)ldtoa.$(oext): ldtoa.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)ecvtbuf.$(oext): ecvtbuf.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)mbtowc_r.$(oext): mbtowc_r.c mbctype.h
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c -fshort-enums $(srcdir)/mbtowc_r.c -o $@
-
 $(lpfx)mprec.$(oext): mprec.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)strtod.$(oext): strtod.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)gdtoa-gethex.$(oext): gdtoa-gethex.c mprec.h
diff --git a/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.in b/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.in
index 466ab6d1e..b4b70b42b 100644
--- a/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.in
+++ b/newlib/libc/stdlib/Makefile.in
@@ -1560,8 +1560,6 @@ $(lpfx)dtoa.$(oext): dtoa.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)ldtoa.$(oext): ldtoa.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)ecvtbuf.$(oext): ecvtbuf.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)mbtowc_r.$(oext): mbtowc_r.c mbctype.h
-	$(LIB_COMPILE) -c -fshort-enums $(srcdir)/mbtowc_r.c -o $@
-
 $(lpfx)mprec.$(oext): mprec.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)strtod.$(oext): strtod.c mprec.h
 $(lpfx)gdtoa-gethex.$(oext): gdtoa-gethex.c mprec.h
diff --git a/newlib/libc/stdlib/mbtowc_r.c b/newlib/libc/stdlib/mbtowc_r.c
index 116b4d82f..9d782566f 100644
--- a/newlib/libc/stdlib/mbtowc_r.c
+++ b/newlib/libc/stdlib/mbtowc_r.c
@@ -55,11 +55,11 @@ _DEFUN (__ascii_mbtowc, (r, pwc, s, n, state),
 }
 
 #ifdef _MB_CAPABLE
-typedef enum { ESCAPE, DOLLAR, BRACKET, AT, B, J, 
+typedef enum __packed { ESCAPE, DOLLAR, BRACKET, AT, B, J,
                NUL, JIS_CHAR, OTHER, JIS_C_NUM } JIS_CHAR_TYPE;
-typedef enum { ASCII, JIS, A_ESC, A_ESC_DL, JIS_1, J_ESC, J_ESC_BR,
+typedef enum __packed { ASCII, JIS, A_ESC, A_ESC_DL, JIS_1, J_ESC, J_ESC_BR,
                INV, JIS_S_NUM } JIS_STATE; 
-typedef enum { COPY_A, COPY_J1, COPY_J2, MAKE_A, NOOP, EMPTY, ERROR } JIS_ACTION;
+typedef enum __packed { COPY_A, COPY_J1, COPY_J2, MAKE_A, NOOP, EMPTY, ERROR } JIS_ACTION;
 
 /************************************************************************************** 
  * state/action tables for processing JIS encoding